翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Hydrostatics ・ Hydrosteer ・ Hydrotaea ・ Hydrotaea dentipes ・ Hydrotaea diabolus ・ Hydrotalcite ・ Hydrotarsus ・ Hydrotarsus compunctus ・ Hydrotarsus pilosus ・ Hydrothauma ・ Hydrotherapy ・ Hydrotherikornis ・ Hydrothermal carbonization ・ Hydrothermal circulation ・ Hydrothermal explosion ・ Hydrothermal liquefaction ・ Hydrothermal synthesis ・ Hydrothermal vent ・ Hydrothermal vents and seamounts of the Azores ・ Hydrotherosaurus ・ Hydrothorax ・ Hydrothrix ・ Hydrotrope ・ Hydrotropism ・ Hydrotrupes ・ Hydrous ferric oxides ・ Hydrous pyrolysis ・ Hydrovatus ・ Hydrox ・ Hydrox (breathing gas) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Hydrothermal liquefaction ： ウィキペディア英語版 Hydrothermal liquefaction Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass into crude-like oil -sometimes referred to as bio-oil or biocrude- under moderate temperature and high pressure. The crude-like oil (or bio-oil) has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals. The reaction usually involves homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalysts to improve the quality of products and yields.〔 Carbon and hydrogen of an organic material, such as biomass, peat or low-ranked coals (lignite) are thermo-chemically converted into hydrophobic compounds with low viscosity and high solubility. Depending on the processing conditions, the fuel can be used as produced for heavy engines, including marine and rail or upgraded to transportation fuels, such as diesel, gasoline or jet-fuels. == History == As early as the 1920s, the concept of using hot water and alkali catalysts to produce oil out of biomass was proposed. This was the foundation of later HTL technologies that attracted research interest especially during the 1970s oil embargo. It was around that time that a high-pressure (hydrothermal) liquefaction process was developed at the Pittsburgh Energy Research Center (PERC) and later demonstrated (at the 100 kg/h scale) at the Albany Biomass Liquefaction Experimental Facility at Albany, Oregon, US.〔〔 In 1982, Shell Oil developed the HTU™ process in the Netherlands.〔 Other organizations that have previously demonstrated HTL of biomass include Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, Germany, SCF Technologies in Copenhagen, Denmark, EPA’s Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, and Changing World Technology Inc. (CWT), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.〔 Today, technology companies such as (Licella/Ignite Energy Resources ) (Australia), (Altaca Energy ) (Turkey), (Steeper Energy ) (Denmark, Canada), and Mulchand's Holdings (INDIA) continue to explore the commercialization of HTL. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hydrothermal liquefaction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.